This article listed some common $\LaTeX$ mathematical symbols, especially those hard to remember ones. The list may not be as useful for you as for me, since people’s majors varies, but hope it can help you.
Here is the reference of this article, which concludes much more.
If there is any typo or incorrect thing, please tell me. Thank you.
Common Symbols
Greek and Hebrew letters
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\varphi$ | \varphi |
| $\varepsilon$ | \varepsilon |
| $\vartheta$ | \vartheta |
| $\eta$ | \eta |
| $\lambda$ | \lambda |
| $\rho$ | \rho |
| $\xi$ | \xi |
| $\chi$ | \chi |
| $\Gamma$ | \Gamma |
| $\Lambda$ | \Lambda |
| $\Xi$ | \Xi |
Too common letters like $\alpha$, $\beta$ are not listed here.
$\LaTeX$ Math Constructs
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\frac{abc}{xyz}$ | \frac{abc}{xyz} |
| $\sqrt{abc}$ | \sqrt{abc} |
| $\sqrt[n]{abc}$ | \sqrt[n]{abc} |
| $\overline{abc}$ | \overline{abc} |
| $\overrightarrow{abc}$ | \overrightarrow{abc} |
| $\overleftarrow{abc}$ | \overleftarrow{abc} |
Variable-sized symbols (大型运算符)
| Symbol | LaTeX code | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| $\sum$ | \sum | It’s not $\Sigma$ (\Sigma) |
| $\prod$ | \prod | It’s not $\Pi$ (\Pi) |
| $\int$ | \int | |
| $\oint$ | \oint | |
| $\iint$ | \iint | Can add up to 3 ($\iiint$) and 4 ($\iiiint$) |
Standard Function Names
Function names should appear in Roman, not Italic, e.g.,
- Correct:
\sin\theta→ $\sin\theta$ - Incorrect:
sin\theta→ $sin\theta$
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\sin$ | \sin |
| $\exp$ | \exp |
| $\ln$ | \ln |
Many others are not listed here.
Operation/Relation Symbols
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\times$ | \times |
| $\div$ | \div |
| $\cdot $ | \cdot |
| $\ast$ | \ast |
| $\pm$ | \pm |
| $\mp$ | \mp |
| $\bot$ | \bot |
| $\equiv$ | \equiv |
| $\cong$ | \cong |
| $\neq$ | \ne or \neq |
| $\sim$ | \sim |
| $\simeq$ | \simeq |
| $\approx$ | \approx |
| $\propto$ | \propto |
| $\leq$ | \leq |
| $\leqslant$ | \leqslant |
| $\ll$ | \ll |
| $\geq$ | \geq |
| $\geqslant$ | \geqslant |
| $\gg$ | \gg |
| $\because$ | \because |
| $\therefore$ | \therefore |
Arrow symbols
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\leftarrow$ | \leftarrow |
| $\rightarrow$ | \rightarrow |
| $\leftrightarrow$ | \leftrightarrow |
| $\Leftarrow$ | \Leftarrow |
| $\longleftarrow$ | \longleftarrow |
| $\Longleftarrow$ | \Longleftarrow |
Miscellaneous symbols (杂项符号)
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\infty$ | \infty |
| $\nabla$ | \nabla |
| $\partial$ | \partial |
| $\hbar$ | \hbar |
| $\hslash$ | \hslash |
| $\prime$ | \prime |
| $\cdots$ | \cdots |
| $\vdots$ | \vdots |
| $\ddots$ | \ddots |
| $\AA$ | \AA (See a note below) |
| $\mathring{A}$ | \mathring{A} |
| $\LaTeX$ | \LaTeX |
Note:
\AA(as well as\LaTeX) belong to text mode rather than symbols, therefore maybe not work in some environment, e.g. mathjax. The simplest way is use\mathring{A}instead, which looks like $\mathring{A}$.
Math mode accents
| Symbol | LaTeX code |
|---|---|
| $\dot{a}$ | \dot{a} |
| $\ddot{a}$ | \ddot{a} |
| $\bar{a}$ | \bar{a} |
| $\hat{a}$ | \hat{a} |
| $\vec{a}$ | \vec{a} |
| $\tilde{a}$ | \tilde{a} |
Several similar symbol pairs
| Symbol | LaTeX code | Note |
|---|---|---|
| $\Sigma$ | \Sigma | symbol |
| $\sum$ | \sum | e.g. $z=\sum_j z_j$ |
| Symbol | LaTeX code | Note |
|---|---|---|
| $\epsilon$ | \epsilon | Less common |
| $\varepsilon$ | \varepsilon | Common used one in mathematics. |
Reference
https://www.caam.rice.edu/~heinken/latex/symbols.pdf
Author: Mike Lyou
Link: https://blog.mikelyou.com/2020/09/25/commom-latex-symbols/
Liscense: This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA International License.
